Viral Hepatitis

Understanding Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. When caused by a viral infection, it is referred to as viral hepatitis. Several different viruses can lead to hepatitis, the most common being Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Each virus affects the liver differently, and while some infections clear on their own, others can become chronic and lead to long-term complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.

Viral hepatitis is a global health concern but, with modern treatments and preventive strategies, most cases can be effectively managed and many can be cured.

Types of Viral Hepatitis

• Hepatitis A (HAV): Usually spread through contaminated food or water. It causes an acute, short-term illness and does not lead to chronic disease. A vaccine is available.
• Hepatitis B (HBV): Transmitted through blood and body fluids (sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child at birth). It can be acute or chronic. A vaccine provides lifelong protection.
• Hepatitis C (HCV): Spread mainly through blood-to-blood contact, often via needles or medical exposure. It is a leading cause of chronic liver disease but is now curable with modern antiviral treatments.
• Hepatitis D (HDV): Only occurs in people who are already infected with hepatitis B. It can cause more severe disease.
• Hepatitis E (HEV): Usually spread through contaminated water or undercooked pork. In most people it is short-term, but it can be serious in pregnant women or people with weakened immune systems.